1、摘 要我课题的研究内容是中厚煤层支撑掩护式液压支架的总体设计。现代长壁工作面采煤已经在开采区使用液压支架。液压支架不仅支撑顶板，推动刮板输送机工作面和自移式支架本身，而且还为相关的采煤设备提供一个安全的工作环境。因此正确的选择和应用液压支架是长壁工作面采煤成功的先决条件。此外，由于对液压支架需求数量很大，对液压支架的投资经常要占到长壁采煤工作面初始投资的一半以上。因此，从技术和经济两方面的观点看，液压支架是长壁采煤工作面设备中十分重要的一部分。支撑掩护式液压支架结合了垛式液压支架和掩护式液压支架的特点。所以，支撑掩护式液压支架具有以上两者所具有的优点。液压支架作为回采工作面的一种支护设备，液压
2、支架在工作过程中能否取得良好的支护效果，取决于支架的架型，结构和相关参数。首先，通过计算机软件Visual Basic来进行四连杆机构优化设计编程来确定支架的四连杆机构各杆系的长度；然后，以力学模型为依据，分析了液压支架的顶梁、掩护梁上载荷的作用机理，得到了较为合理的支架载荷的计算公式；其次，结合设计的支架，从平面和空间两方面对支架主要结构件进行受力分析；最后对支架主要结构件、连接销轴进行强度效核,并画出所有的机械图。关键词：支撑掩护式支架；顶梁；四连杆；双纽线；强度ABSTRACTMy paper mainly foused on the problem which is design ou
3、t a type of chock-shield support.Modern longwall mining employs hydraulic powered supports at the face area. The supports not only holds up the roof, pushes the face chain conveyor, and advances itself, but also provides a safe environment for all associated mining activities. Therefore its successf
4、ul selection and application are the prerequisite for successful longwall mining. Furthermore, due to the large number of units required, the capital invested for the power support usually accounts for more than half of the initial capital for a longwall face. Therefore both from technical and econo
5、mic points of view, the powered support is a very important piece of equipment in a long wall face.The chock shield combines the features of the chocks and the shields. As such it possesses the advantages of both.The hydraulic support described is a part of the mining industry equipment in the mine,
6、 used for protection of working environment in the gallery. It works well or bad at work basing on its support mode, frame and some parameters. In the first step, the optimal values of some parameters of the leading four-bar mechanism are determined by using Visual Basic. Secondly, the base of mecha
7、nic model of support-surrounding, the mechanism and loads on the support is decided. The next work, with the condition of the design, the main mechanics of hydraulic support is analyzed and calculated by plane and spatial model. Finally, the under frame, top beam cave shield, wrists and hydraulic co
8、lumn are analyzed by calculation. And draw out all the process drawings.Key words: chock-shield hydraulic support;canopy; four-bar links; lemiscate;strength目 录1支撑掩护式液压支架概述1 1.1 液压支架的用途1 1.2液压支架的工作原理1 1.2.1支架升降 1 1.2.2 支架移动和推移输送机 3 1.3 液压支架的分类4 1.4 液压支架的组成5 1.4.1 顶梁6 1.4.2 底座6 1.4.3 立柱6 1.4.4 掩护梁6 1.
9、4.5 活动侧护板6 1.4.6 连杆7 1.4.7操纵控制系统7 1.5 液压支架的设计7 1.5.1 设计目的7 1.5.2 对液压支架的基本要求7 1.5.3 设计液压支架必需的基本参数8 1.5.4坚硬顶板的液压支架设计8 1.6 液压支架的设计动向9 1.7 液压支架的应用与研究现状 11 1.7.1 国外液压支架现状11 1.7.2 国内液压支架现状12 1.8 液压支架的支护方式13 1.9 液压支架的选型142 液压支架的结构设计15 2.1液压支架基本尺寸的确定15 2.1.1 支架高度的确定15 2.1.2 支架的伸缩比和单位缸长行程的确定16 2.1.3 支架中心距的确定
10、16 2.1.4 支架的宽度的确定17 2.1.5 底座长度的确定17 2.1.6底座宽度的确定17 2.2 支架整体机构尺寸确定17 2.2.1四连杆机构的作用17 2.2.2四连杆机构的几何特征17 2.2.3四连杆机构的几何作图法20 2.2.4确定顶梁的长度23 2.3 液压支架的性能参数24 2.3.1 液压支架的支护强度24 2.3.2 液压支架的工作阻力24 2.3.3 液压支架的初撑力25 2.3.4 液压支架的移架力和推溜力25 2.3.5 覆盖率25 2.4 支架立柱的计算25 2.4.1 立柱布置25 2.4.2单伸缩立柱缸径的确定25 2.4.3泵站压力和立柱安全阀的调整压力26 2.4.4立柱初撑力的计算272.5推移装置282.6 前梁千斤顶312.7护帮千斤顶312.8底座接触比压的计算313液压支架的受力分析及校核36 3.1液压支架的整体受力分析36 3.2底板的支撑反力及作用点的位置确定37 3.3强度条件39 3.4顶梁的受力分析及强度校核40 3.4.1顶梁的受力情况40 3.4.2 顶梁的强度计算42 3.5掩护梁的受力分析及强度校核44 3.5.1 掩护梁的受力情况44 3.5.2掩护梁的强度计算45 3.6底座的受力分析及强度校核46 3.6.1 底座的受力情况
