1、摘要本设计对位于我国西南地区的某水利枢纽进行了以坝工为重点的工程设计。经过对几种可建造坝型的经济比较估算，最终选择建造高碾压混凝土重力坝。溢洪道为河川水利枢纽中必备的泄水建筑物，用以排泄水库不能容纳的多余洪水量，保证枢纽挡水建筑物及其它有关建筑物的安全运行。重力坝通常设置坝顶溢洪道。入库设计洪水的选择和确定，必须在充分研究流域水文因素的基础上进行，然后才能确定溢洪道尺寸。对于过坝水流的调泄，需要有合理审慎的设计，以避免生命财产的损失。本次设计的调洪演算在基于水量平衡的基础上，采用列表试算法，在可行的几种泄流方案中，择优选出采用的方案和相应的设计与校核水位。然后进入主要建筑物设计。确定枢纽的组成
2、建筑物，包括挡水建筑物、泄水建筑物、水电站等。在定性分析的基础上，确定出大坝的型式。在第一主要建筑物设计阶段，确定出大坝的基本剖面和轮廓尺寸，拟定地基的处理方案和坝身构造。之后依次进行了细部构造设计、稳定计算、材料力学法分析、应力有限元法和渗流计算，从各个方面验证了设计剖面的可行性。在设计坝体断面时，必须本着重力坝依靠自身重量来维持结构稳定的原则。本次设计中，下游面坡度是一致的，和上游面交于水库设计洪水位处。坝体上游面垂直，只在坝踵附近有陡的折坡，溢流坝上游顶部有倒悬。重力坝坝体的应力以材料力学法分析，坝体稳定的条件是坝体和坝基的最大应力须在坝段混凝土和坝基岩石的容许应力范围之内。重力坝以材料
3、力学法分析，它可以直接求出坝体横剖面边界之内的任何一点的应力。坝体稳定的条件是坝体和坝基的最大应力须在坝段混凝土和坝基岩石的容许应力范围之内。溢流坝段的分析也是一样。其次为第二主要建筑物设计。确定出泄水建筑物的结构型式和轮廓尺寸，进行选线布置。进行水力计算，从挑距和冲刷深度等方面验证设计型式的可行性。并进行细部构造设计。本次设计我掌握了碾压混凝土重力坝的设计方法，了解了这样一个水利工程项目建设的主要步骤，完成了专业知识从理论学习到实际运用的过渡，体会了身为一个水利项目设计者所需要具备的品质和担负的责任，这些必将在我今后的学习工作中起到关键性的指导作用。关键词：碾压混凝土重力坝；有限单元法；RC
4、C AbstractThe design is designed for one river water control project lying to the Southwest of China and the dam construction is emphasized . After making and evaluating alternative economic estimates of the possible type of dam, we chose the type of high RCCD.The spillway is a necessary discharge s
5、tructure for a river project, which is used to discharge the excess flood that thereservoir can not accommodate so as to guarantee the project retaining structure and other structure security run. Usually the gravity dam installs spillway in the crest. The selection of the reservoir inflow design fl
6、ood must be based on an adequate study of the hydrologic factors of the basin and then to decide the spillway size. The routing of the flow past the dam requires a reasonably conservative design to avoid loss of life and property damage. The design of the blood calculus based on the water balance, a
7、nd I used the list algorithm, find out the best one in the practicable spilling alternatives, with their design water level and check water level together.Then it is the main structure design grade. the parts of project are defined, consisting of blocking structure ,spillway structure ,hydropower st
8、ation, and so on. The dam type is defined based on the qualitative analysis.The basis cross section and the outline dimension is defined in the first main structure design grade. The processing alternative of the dam foundation and the construction of the dam body is formulated in the same time. Aft
9、er this, the feasibility of design construction is verified from detail construction plan , infiltrating stability analysis , gravity methods analyzed, FEM theory ,seepage compute. When we design the cross section of a gravity dam, we must rely on the principle that a gravity dam depends on its own
10、weight for structural stability. In this design, the downstream face is uniform slope and would intersect the upstream face at the maximum reservoir level. The upstream face is normally vertical excepting for steep batter near the heel.I used mechanics of materials to analyze the stress of the gravi
11、ty dam. For the gravity dam to be stable, maximum stresses in the dam section and the foundation should be within the permissible stress of the concrete used in the dam section and the foundation rock respectively. Gravity dams can be analyzed by gravity methods. It provides a direct method of calcu
12、lating stresses at any point within the boundaries of a transverse section of the dam.Then the author has made a particular analysis and research in the basis of the FEM theory with a project practice and literatures research. After that, study on the FEM theory cited by the analysis of the seepage.
13、 The author has analyzed its seepage-control measures and seepage characteristics.The design has enabled us to grasp the method of RCCD and know the main steps of the construction water project. In practice, I achieve the professional knowledge of the theoretical study and know the necessary respons
14、ibility and factors as a water project designer. These experiences will definitely play a instructive role in my future work. Keywords: RCCD; finite element method (FEM);RCC117目录第一章 综合说明7第一节 枢纽任务与规模7一、发电7二、防洪7三、航运7第二节 设计要求7第三节 工程特性表8第四节 设计依据的规范和规程9第二章 设计基础资料9第一节 自然地理9一、流域概况9二、气候特征10三、 径流、洪水、泥沙11第二节
15、工程地质15一、地震烈度15二、地形地貌15三、地层岩性15四、地质构造15第三章 枢纽整体布置与坝型选择16第一节 工程等级及建筑物级别划分16第二节 坝型选择17一、 土石坝17二、拱坝17三、面板堆石坝17四、实体重力坝,宽缝重力坝,碾压混凝土重力坝18第三节 枢纽布置18一、枢纽布置原则18二、坝轴线确定18三、溢流坝布置18四、非溢流坝布置18五、发电厂房的布置19六、通航建筑物的布置19第四章 洪水调节演算19第一节 调洪演算计算方法19第二节 调洪演算计算结果19第五章 非溢流坝剖面设计20第一节 剖面尺寸拟定20一、坝顶高程确定20二、实用剖面设计21第二节 坝体强度和稳定承载能力极限状态及应力计算23一、荷载计算23二、 稳定的校核计算27三、三个不同截面不同工况下的荷载计算结果及稳定应力分析29四 、坝体应力计算:43五、应力图59第三节 坝体砼分区及配合比设计63一、坝体分区63配合比设计63第四节 细部及基础处理63 HYPERLINK l _Toc293734985 第五节 坝体防渗排水设计63第六节 坝体温度控制及防裂设计63第六章 溢流坝段剖面设计64第一节 、孔口设计64一、 泄水方式的选择64二、 洪水标准的确定64三、 流量的选择64四、 单宽流量的选择64五、 孔口净宽
