1、翻译部分原文：World coal liquefaction technology progress and the policy of China 1.The concept of coal liquefaction coal liquefaction is the concept of solid coal through chemical machining process, to make it into liquid fuels and chemical raw materials and products of advanced clean coal technologies. A
2、ccording to various processing line and the liquefied coal liquefaction can be divided into direct and indirect liquefaction two categories. The direct coal liquefaction technology refers to the high temperature and high pressure conditions, hydrogenation of coal through the complex organic structur
3、es directly into liquid fuels technology, also known as hydrogenation liquefaction. The typical process includes mainly coal crusher with the dry coal slurry preparation, hydrogenation liquefaction, solid-liquid separation, gas purification, Liquid products fractionation and refining, gasification a
4、nd liquefaction residue to produce hydrogen, and other parts of the characteristics of the coal requirements more stringent, However, high thermal efficiency, high yield of liquid products. Under normal circumstances, 1t dry, ash-free coal can be transformed into a half tons of liquefied oil, hydrog
5、en production from coal with about three-four t raw materials 1t refined oil products, Liquefaction during provide quality oil processed to produce cleaner quality of gasoline, diesel and aviation fuel.The indirect coal liquefaction technology is the first full gasification of coal into synthetic ga
6、s, Then coal-based synthesis gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) as raw materials, to a certain temperature and pressure. its catalytic synthesis of hydrocarbon fuel and chemical raw materials and products of technology, including coal gasification system from syngas, Purification and gas exchange, c
7、atalytic synthesis of hydrocarbon products and product separation and processing restructuring process. Under normal circumstances, about 5 7t to 1t coal refined oil products, coal is characterized by widely applicable, the total efficiency of low investment.2. Chinas need for coal liquefaction1) in
8、 the foreseeable future, Chinas coal-based energy structure will not change with the majority of the worlds countries. Chinas energy resources is characterized by abundant coal resources, and oil and gas relatively limited. The latest data shows that Chinas proven reserves of coal to 114.5 billion t
9、, reserve-production ratio of 93, according to the same heat, equivalent to the current proven oil and gas reserves total 17 times. Proven oil reserves of 38 billion tons, accounting for fossil energy proven reserves of 5.6%, the reserve-production ratio of 24. Proven recoverable gas reserves of 1.3
10、7 trillion m3, accounting for fossil energy proven reserves of 2%, the reserve-production ratio of 56. This shows that coal is Chinas future may depend on the energy. Furthermore, from an economic point of view, coal is the cheapest source of energy. China is a developing country, but also energy co
11、nsuming nation, economic strength and the energy supply call for Chinas energy consumption must be based on domestic supply of energy, This means Chinas energy structure should be based on coal as the main players. It is projected that by 2050, coal in Chinas energy consumption will remain the propo
12、rtion accounted for around 50%. The large-scale use of coal, causing serious environmental pollution problem. Chinas SO2 emissions ranked first in the world, acid rain coverage over the land area to 30% Global emissions of carbon dioxide emissions account for 13% of the listed second in the world, o
13、f which the coal SO2, CO2 emissions and hydroxides were about the national total of 85%, 85% and 60%. Chinas coal-based energy consumption structure is facing severe challenges. How to solve the pollution caused by coal-fired issues are fast approaching. 2) Oil imports rising rapidly, on the securit
14、y of energy supply poses a threatOil is a threat to the protection of national economic lifeline and political security of the important strategic commodities . Our oil resources are relatively scarce and that time now, its proven recoverable reserves of 38 billion tons, accounting for the worlds re
15、serves of 2.6%. In recent years, Chinas crude oil output has been hovering between 160 million t%, and there will not be much future growth, This is determined by Chinas oil resources and the distribution of development determined by the status quo. However, with the economic development and improvi
16、ng the peoples living conditions, end-use energy consumption in China is gradually to the quality and efficient clean energy conversion, oil consumption has increased. Since oil can not meet domestic demand, dependence on imported oil is getting higher and higher. Since 1993 became a net importer of oil, oil imports have risen rapidly 2000 has reached 69.69 million t, the degree of dependence on oil imports reached 30%, anticipated in the next 20 ye
