1、三轴立式加工中心自动换刀装置设计摘 要:自动换刀装置中,机械手扮演着很重要的角色。它需要将刀库上的刀具和主轴上使用过的刀具调换位置。机械手的使用,主要是为了使加工中心拥有更高的工作效率,从而使整个生产线的工作效率得到提高;从另一方面来讲,自动换刀装置的使用提高了加工中心的安全性能,减小了因为人工换刀而使工作人员受伤的可能性。本次课程设计的方案是利用机械手的旋转、升降和机械手的自锁运动来实现换到的动作。机械手的旋转运动主要是用来完成刀具的交换动作,动力是由步进电动机提供,通过两个相互啮合的齿轮来传动,通过控制步进电动机的每秒脉冲数,就可以准确的控制其位置。其次,拔刀,插刀是由升降运动来完成,是由
2、齿轮齿条的啮合把旋转运动转化为直线运动来实现的,同样控制步进电机的每秒脉冲数和实现对三相中的任意一相一直保持通电以实现抱闸。关键词:机械手,加工中心,刀具,弹簧Three axis vertical machining center automatic tool changedevice structure designAbstract:In the automatic tool changer, the manipulator is playing an important role.Itneeds to change the position of the cutter on the kn
3、ife base and the cutter used in thespindle.The use of robot, mainly in order to make the machining center has a higherworking efficiency, so that the entire production line work efficiency is improved;On theother hand, the use of automatic tool changer improves the safety performance of themachining
4、 center, and reduces the possibility of injury to the staff because of the manualtool change.This course design scheme is to realize the action by using the rotation of themanipulator, the lifting and the lock movement of the manipulator.The rotary motion of themanipulator is mainly used to complete
5、 the exchange tool motion, power is by step intomotor, by two meshed gears to drive, through the control of stepper motor per second pulsenumber, you can accurately control the position.Secondly, his sword, the knife isaccomplished by the lifting movement, is by the meshing of the gear rack to rotat
6、ionalmotion into linear motion to achieve, the same control step into motor per second pulsenumber and implementation of arbitrary phase a phase has been kept energized to realizebrake.Keywords: Manipulator;Machining center;The cutting tool;springI目 录1 绪论.11.1 加工中心的基本概述.11.2 本次设计方法要求.22 加工中心自动换刀装置设计
7、.32.1 自动换刀装置的形式.32.1.1 自动换刀装置的功用及要求.32.1.2 自动换刀装置的类型.42.1.3 换刀机械手的类型.52.1.4 换刀机械手的动作顺序.62.2 机械手的旋转运动设计.62.2.1 旋转运动驱动装置设计.62.2.2 步进电机的选择.72.2.3 齿轮的设计.92.2.4 轴的设计.152.2.5 滚动轴承的选择.172.3 机械手的升降运动设计.182.3.1 升降运动驱动装置设计.182.3.2 步进电机的选择.182.3.3 齿轮及齿条设计.202.3.4 滚动轴承的选择.222.3.5 轴的设计.222.4 机械手手爪锁刀运动设计.232.4.1 机械手外形及锁刀装置设计.232.4.2 弹簧设计.243 机械手结构的设计.263.1 手爪口的结构设计.263.1.1 刀具结构尺寸.
