1、摘 要 紧水滩电站紧水滩水电站位于龙泉溪上,是瓯江上游干流梯级开发的第一级水电站,工程以发电为主,兼顾航运、放木及防洪等综合利用要求。该工程采用高水头大坝,挡水建筑物为混凝土重力坝,泄水建筑物为溢流坝,在洪水季节,河流最大泄流量为20000m3/s,此时用溢流堰泄流。设计洪水位为289.9m,校核洪水位为291.8m,正常蓄水位为284m,设计死水位为264m,坝顶高程293.7m,坝基开挖至高程192m,整个坝高93.7m,坝底高程200m。上游坝坡坡度1:0.2,下游坝坡坡度1:0.75,溢流坝堰顶高程274.3m。本枢纽河谷底宽90m左右,坝顶高程处坝轴线长285m,根据布置,溢流坝段布
2、置在河床中间偏右岸,厂房布置在左岸。因左岸比较平缓,可布置开关站,电厂办公管理用房设施。该工程采用坝后式水电站布置方式,通过计算选用了混流式水轮机型,其直径为3m,转速为214.3r/min。发电机为SF45-28/653.9。安装水轮发电机组4台, 单机容量5万千瓦,总装机容量为200000kw。厂房宽为20m,长为71.8m, 水轮机安装高程201.352m,发电机层高程211.84m,装配场层高程211.84m(与进厂公路同高程)。各个枢纽建筑之间由公路相连,它连接了包括安装场、尾水平台、大坝和闸门启闭室等设施。另外,本设计还对机墩进行了布置和专门的配筋设计。关键词:水利枢纽;挡水建筑物
3、;泄水建筑物;稳定;应力;水轮机;发电机;选型;厂房;机墩。ABSTRACTJin-shui-tan hydroelectric station is located on Long-quan stream which is the first hydroelectric station of the upper mainstream of Ou river. The primary effect of the whole engineering is generating electricity that also meets the demand of shipping, drift wo
4、od, flood control and etc.This engineering adopts high-lift dam, which use concrete gravity dam to prevent the water and overflowing dam to sluicing. When it occurs flood, overflowing weir is used to spill over the flood, whose biggest rate of flow reaches 20000ms/s. According to the design of dam,
5、the details are as following: designed flood level is 289.8m; revised flood level is 291.8m; the normal level of storing water is 284m; the designed lowest level of water is 264m; the top height of dam is total 293.7m; the foundation of dam arrives to 192m height; the total height of dam is 93.7m; T
6、he upstream dam slope is 1:0.2 ,the downstream dam slop is 1:0.75 the width of of bottom of river vale to this hinge is about 90m; the length of axis on top of dam is 285m; According to disposal, the overflowing dam lies near the right shore of riverbed, whereas factory lies on left shore, because t
7、he left shore is much flater which can lay the switch station and facilities of office. This engineering uses such disposal that the hydroelectric station is behind the dam. Via calculation, we choose the mixed hydraulic turbine, whose diameter is 3m and r.p.m is 214.3r/min. Generator is SF45-28/653
8、.9 hydraulic turbine generators are installed, one of which has 50,000 kw electricity. It is ensured to generate 200000kw electricity. The width of factory is 20m, however its length is 71.8m. the turbine setting is 201.352m,generator setting is 211.84m,assembly yard setting is 211.84m(the same to t
9、he road leading to the power house). And its height is equal to that of machinery group.Each main construction is linked with road which joint including installation site, draft tube deck, dam, control room of sluice gate and other facilities.Otherwise, this project approach decorate the generator f
10、rustu and approach its specially blending concrete iron. Keyword:hydro-junction; water retaining structure ; rapid flood structure; stabilize; strain; turbine; generator; power house; generator frustu.目 录摘 要1第一章 自然地理及工程地质61.1 流域概况61.2 水文与气候61.3 地形与地质71.3.1 水库区工程地质71.3.2 坝址地质81.4 天然建筑材料81.4.2 砂石料:8第二
11、章 经济、水利与动能92.1 工程效益92.2 特征水位及机组型号9第三章 枢纽布置及挡水、泄水建筑物93.1枢纽布置93.2 挡水建筑物103.2.1坝高确定103.2.2挡水建筑物的形式、尺寸和布置113.2.3非溢流坝段稳定应力计算123.3泄水建筑物-砼溢流坝的形式、尺寸与布置133.3.1 堰顶高程的确定133.3.2 溢流坝实用剖面设计133.3.3 溢流坝段稳定应力计算153.4 坝内构造163.4.1 坝顶结构163.4.1.1 非溢流坝163.4.1.2 溢流坝163.4.1.3坝内廊道173.4.2坝基地基处理173.5 溢流坝消能抗冲刷措施173.5.1消能方式采用挑流消
12、能173.5.2 冲坑183.5.3导墙高度18第四章 水能规划184.1特征水位184.1.1 Hmax可能出现情况194.1.2 Hmin可能出现情况194.1.3 的取值204.2 HL220工作参数确定204.2.1 转轮直径D1204.2.2 转速n204.2.3 效率修正214.2.4 工作范围检验214.2.5 吸出高度Hs21第四章 引水建筑物22第五章 水电站厂房225.1电站厂房的布置设计概述:225.1.1装配厂层:235.1.2发电机层:235.1.3 水轮机层235.1.4蜗壳层:245.2 厂房内部结构245.2.1 发电机245.2.2 调速器及油压装置选择与尺寸
13、265.2.3 金属蜗壳尺寸285.2.4 尾水管尺寸285.2.5 起重设备选择与尺寸295.2.6厂房各层高程确定30第六章压力钢管设计316.1引水管道的布置:316.2 闸门及启闭设备:326.3 压力钢管结构设计:326.3.1确定钢管厚度:326.3.2水锤压力系数的计算:33 6.3.3判断混凝土开裂情况: 34 6.3.3.1未开裂情况: 34 6.3.3.2内圈部分开裂情况: 37 6.3.4抗外压稳定校核: 38第一章 自然地理及工程地质1.1 流域概况紧水滩水电站在瓯江支流龙泉溪上,坝址以上流域面积2761平方公里。龙泉溪发源于浙闽交界仙霞岭、洞官山,河流长度153公里,
14、直线长度77公里,平均宽度36公里。除龙泉县城附近及赤石仁三处有小片盆地外,其余地段多为峡谷,河床覆盖多以大块石和卵石组成,险滩较多。本流域东侧与瓯江支流小溪相邻,西侧与钱塘江支流乌溪江相邻,南侧为闽江支流松溪,北侧为瓯江支流松阴溪。河流四周均为岭南山系洞官山脉包围,山脉走向与河流流向一致,最高峰黄茅尖高达1921米,流域平均高度662米,河道坡降上游陡、下游缓,平均坡降为6.32 0.97,因河道陡,河槽调蓄能力低,汇流快,由暴雨产生的洪水迅涨猛落,历时短,传播快,所以一次洪水过程尖瘦,属典型的山区性河流。龙泉溪是浙江省木材主要产地,境内森林茂盛,植被良好,水土流失不严重。本工程为瓯江干支流
15、规划的五个梯级开发中的一级,以发电为主,兼顾航运、放木(竹)以及防洪等综合效益。电站建成后主要担任华东电网调峰并供电丽水、温州,将使丽、温两地区通过220千伏输电线路联系,形成浙南电力系统。为解决建坝后龙泉溪木材(竹)的流放和航运的发展,大坝左岸专门设置有货筏过坝建筑物。水库有1.53亿立方米的防洪库容,用以减轻下游丽水、碧湖地区防洪的负担。1.2 水文与气候本地区地处浙东南沿海山区,属温带季风气候,气候温和,坝址区历年平均气温17.3,月平均气温以1971年7月份30.7最高,1962年1月份13最低,实测最高气温为40.7(1966年8月),最低气温-8.1(1969年2月)。流域内气候湿润,历年平均相对湿度79%,其中以6月
