1、1英语原文A review of froth flotation control B.J. Shean, J.J. Cilliers Rio Tinto Centre for Advanced Mineral Recovery at Imperial College London, Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom a r t i c l e i n f oArticle history:Received 6 August 2010Recei
2、ved in revised form 19 April 2011 Accepted 8 May 2011Available online 14 May 2011Keywords:Froth flotationProcess controlContents1.Introduction .a b s t r a c tThe last few decades have seen major advances in instrumentation and technology, and simplifications and modifications of new flotation plant
3、 designs. This has allowed for significant developments in process control. In particular, the development of base level process control (control of pulp levels, air flowrates, reagent dosing, etc.) has seen significant progress. Long-term, automated advanced and optimising flotation control strateg
4、ies have, however, been more difficult to implement. It is hoped that this will change as a result of the development of new technologies such as machine vision and the measurement of new control variables, such as air recovery.This review looks at each of the four essential levels of process contro
5、l (instrumentation, base level flotation control, advanced flotation control and optimising flotation control) and examines current and future trends within each sub-level. 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2.Key variables and considerations in the control of flotation .59 2.1.Key variables .5
6、9 2.2.Effects of plant layout and the location of the cell in the circuit59 2.3.Types of process input disturbances59 2.4.System constraints60 3.Instrumentation and base level flotation control .60 3.1.Pulp levels in cells .60 3.1.1.Instrumentation used for pulp level measurement and control.60 3.1.
7、2.Base level control systems for pulp level control60 3.2.Air flowrates60 3.2.1.Instrumentation used for air flowrate measurement and control .60 3.2.2.Base level control systems for air flowrate control61 3.3.Slurry flowrates .61 3.3.1.Instrumentation used for slurry flowrate measurement and contro
8、l61 3.3.2.Implementation of slurry flowrate in control systems .61 3.4.Elemental assaying61 3.4.1.Instrumentation used for elemental analysis61 3.4.2.Implementation of elemental assaying in control systems .62 3.5.Density .62 3.5.1.Instrumentation used for density measurement .62 3.5.2.Implementatio
9、n of density measurement in control systems .62 3.6.Reagent addition62 3.6.1.Instrumentation used for reagent addition .62 3.6.2.Base level control systems for reagent addition .62 3.7.Eh, pH and conductivity .62 3.7.1.Instrumentation for the measurement of Eh, pH and conductivity62 3.7.2.Base level
10、 control systems for Eh, pH and conductivity control .62 Corresponding author. Tel.: + 44 20 7594 7360; fax: + 44 20 7594 7403. E-mail address: j.j.cillifersimperial.ac.uk (J.J. Cilliers). 0301-7516/$ - see front matter 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.minpro.2011.05.002 58B.J.
11、Shean, J.J. Cilliers / International Journal of Mineral Processing 100 (2011) 57-713.8.Gas dispersion .633.8.1.Instrumentation used for the measurement of gas dispersion variables .633.8.2.Implementation of gas dispersion variables in control systems .633.9.Machine vision633.9.1.Instrumentation and
12、methods used for machine vision633.9.2.Implementation of machine vision in control systems .644.Advanced flotation control644.1.Advanced control of mass pull and re-circulating load .644.1.1.Mass pull control .644.1.2.Re-circulating load control .644.2.Advanced control of grade and/or recovery654.2.
13、1.Model-based methods in advanced flotation control .654.2.2.Expert systems in advanced flotation control .665.Optimising flotation control .665.1.Modelling-based methods in optimising flotation control .675.2.Expert methods in optimising flotation control676.Examples of approaches found in advanced
14、/optimising flotation control .687.Commercial advanced/optimising flotation control software .688.Conclusions68Acknowledgements68References68 1. IntroductionFroth flotation is one of the most broadly used separation methods in the mineral processing industry. However, despite being intro-duced in th
15、e early 1900s and numerous years of research and development, flotation is still not fully understood and remains relatively inefficient. As such, large economic gains stand to be made through optimisation of many present processes (McKee, 1991; Hodouin et al., 2000; Moilanen and Remes, 2008).It is important to realise from the outset that process control consists of several interconnected levels. Several authors, e.g. Roesch et al. (1976); McKee (1991); Laurila et al. (2002); a
