1、毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译院 系专业学生姓名班级学号外文出处附件：1.外文资料翻译译文（约3000汉字）； 2.外文资料原文(与课题相关的1万印刷符号左右)。指导教师评语：指导教师签名：年月日外文文献：GRAPHICAL-BASED MULTISTAGE SCHEDULING METHOD FOR RC BUILDINGSY. C. HUANGDepartment of Construction Management, Hwa Hsia Institute of Technology and Commerce, 111 Hwa Hsin Street,Chung Ho City, Taipe
2、i Hsien, Taiwan, Republic of ChinaReceived 13 February 2004; accepted 4 March 2005In Taiwan, contractors are becoming specialized in certain types of construction in an increasingly competitive environment and this specialization requires some scheduling models to provide better scheduling results f
3、or each type of construction. A new practical method, Graphical-Based Multistage Scheduling Method (GMSM),for scheduling RC building superstructures is presented herein. From the analysis of characteristics and construction custom of RC buildings, four constraints, (a) downup construction, (b) build
4、ing inspection, (c) reuse of beam forms, and (d) reuse of slab forms, can be established. The GMSM is developed utilizing a graphical-based method and the concept of resource reuse, and the general form of the GMSM to be facilely implemented in any worksheet software is derived as well. The results
5、of this study provide some quantitative information as a useful guide for scheduling RC building superstructures.Keywords: Multistage scheduling, repetitive project, RC building, GMSMIntroductionIn Taiwan, contractors are becoming specialized in certain types of construction in an increasingly compe
6、titive environment and this specialization requires some scheduling models to provide a better scheduling for each type of construction. The majority of high-rise buildings located in urban areas in Taiwan are RC structures. It is deemed crucial for high-rise buildings that a scheduling model for th
7、is type of construction can not only increase profits but also reduce the impact on urban traffic.Of the high-rise buildings constructed to date, the network planning technique has been commonly adopted in scheduling. The Critical Path Method (CPM) is the most popular one; for instance, prevalent sc
8、heduling software such as MS Project, Primavera Project Planner, etc., were developed based on CPM. However, assuming that all activities are independent, the CPM does not take into consideration the resource reuse where there is repetition of identical activities on every floor.OBrien (1975) propos
9、ed that high-rise building be divided into two categories: (1) non-repetitive works, such as earthworks, foundations, and non-typical floor plans; and (2) repetitive works, such as superstructures with standard floor designs. In the former category, CPM is utilized to execute scheduling. For the lat
10、ter, a scheduling model suitable for repetitive construction has to be developed. Reda (1990) and Cole (1991) also demonstrated the necessity of scheduling for repetitive projects. This study, according to OBriens suggestion, is to develop a graphical-based scheduling method applicable to repetitive
11、 projects of RC building superstructures so that the most popularly practiced construction method in Taiwan, sitecast concrete structures with wooden forms, may be in line with it. Literature reviewsThe theoretical scheduling approach of repetitive projects is based on the principle of Assembly Line
12、 Balance, in which there are two premises: (1) work continuity for each activity from one unit to the next, and (2) appropriateness for the lower-bound limit of construction intervals between adjacent activities within the same unit. The principal methods for repetitive scheduling are the Line of Ba
13、lance (LOB) method and the Linear Scheduling Method (LSM). The difference between them is that the duration between units having identical activities is assumed as a constant for LOB method, and variable for LSM (Moselhi and Khaled, 1993). In recent decades, for the scheduling of repetitive projects
14、, a number of methodologies have been developed, such as linear programming (Handa and Barcia, 1986; Reda, 1990 (RPM); Russell and Caselton, 1998), dynamic programming (Selinger, 1980; Russell and Caselton, 1988; Eldin and Senouci, 1994; Senouc and Eldin, 1996; El-Rayes and Moselhi, 2001), simulatio
15、n (Halpin, 1977 (CYCLONE); Ashley, 1980; Kavanagh, 1985 (SIREN); AbouRizk and Halpin, 1990; Lutz et al., 1994; Chehayeb and AbouRizk, 1998; Shi and AbouRizk, 1998), neural network (Adeli and Karim, 1997), and genetic algorithms (Hegazy and Wassef, 2001; Leu and Hwang, 2001). The common assumption of
16、 the above-mentioned studies is the work continuity for each activity from one unit to the next, or the work continuity on partial units. Wang and Huang (1998) presented a multistage linear scheduling (MLS) method to tackle the problem of adjacent activities of the same unit restricted by an upper limi
