1、摘要在现有条件下通过采用开采解放层的方法来改善容易煤瓦斯突出煤层。通过瓦斯体积和瓦斯压力的减少得到同步被解放煤层，低透气性容易煤瓦斯突出煤层转变为高透气性煤层，从而变为无煤瓦斯突出倾向的煤层。在平煤集团第五煤矿，把D15煤层被视为解放层而把D16-17是作为被解放层处理。两者之间的煤层平均距离为5米，划分为极短距离的解放层。根据对多孔介质采用有限元法理论进行数值分析。在解放层的开采过程中，对瓦斯的流动过程和瓦斯压力的变化机理进行了分析。关键词：极短距离解放层；多孔介质；采掘过程；瓦斯流量；瓦斯压力引言:瓦斯是影响我国煤矿安全的最大危害。最严重的灾难是由煤气引起的瓦斯突出。防止由煤与瓦斯引起的事
2、故，最基础的任务是煤矿是如何控制和利用瓦斯。瓦斯突出是可以预测和避免的灾害。同时，天然气是可利用清洁煤资源。应尽可能采用该解放层的方法，充分抽采瓦斯。对煤层瓦斯抽放应预留较易开采煤层。煤与瓦斯应同时提取。这些都是在煤矿生产中应该遵循的指南。通过对解放层的开采技术是最有效和最经济的，从而防止矿井的煤瓦斯突出。它可以对有潜在的爆发危险低渗透煤层变为高渗透性没有爆发的潜力。这样保证了的安全矿井，同时使得产量和效率提高。大部分该技术主要集中在的远程距离和中程距离的解放层。而对在极短程解放层的研究很少。极短程解放层安全开采技术的关键问题，是防止被解放层的煤瓦斯突出。该技术是基于渗流理论有限元数值模拟。作
3、者对接缝瓦斯流量和气体的压力变化规律进行了探讨和分析。AbstractThe coal-gas existing condition was ameliorated in the coal seams prone to coal-gas outburst adopting the mining method of protective strata. The gas volume and the gas pressure were reduced synchronously in the protected coal seam, and the coal seam of high permea
4、bility prone to the coal-gas outburst was changed into that of low perme-bility with no proneness to the coal-gas outburst. The D15coal seam was treated as the protective strata, and the D16-17 coal seam was treated as the protected strata in the Fifth coal mine in the Pingdingshan Coal Mining Group
5、. The distance between the two coal seams was 5 m averagely, clarified into the extreme short-range protective strata. The numerical analysis was based on the theory of the porous media flow with the finite element method. The gas flow process and the change mechanism of the coal-gas pressure were a
6、nalyzed in the process of mining the protective strata.Keyword：extreme short-range protective strata, the porous media, mining procedure, coal-gas flow, coal-gas pressureIntroduction The coal-gas is the first killer in the safety of coal mines in our nation. The coal-outburst is the most severe cala
7、mity induced by the coal-gas. The basic step preventing the coal mines from the accident induced by the coal and gas is how to control and exploit the coal and gas. The calamity could be predicted and avoided. Meanwhile, the coal gas is clean resources to exploit. The method of the protective strata
8、 should be adopted as possible. The coal gas should be extracted as possible. The extraction of coal-gas should be ear-lier than mining the coal. The coal and gas should be extracted simultaneously. Those are the guide that should be followed in the coal mines. The technology of mining the protectiv
9、e strata is the most effective and economical to prevent the coal mine from the coal-gas outburst. It could make the coal seam of low permeability with the potential of outburst into that of high permeability with no potential of outburst. It also insures the mine for lives safety, high output and h
10、igh efficiency.The technology achievements highly focuse on the protective strata of far distance and medium range. There is little research on the extreme short-range protective strata. The key problem of the safety in mining with the technology of the extreme short range protective strata is to pr
11、event the coal-gas outburst from the protected strata. The technique is numerical simulation of the finite element based on the theory of the porous media flow. The process of the coal gas flow over the seams and the law of the gas pressure variation is discussed and analyzed.目录前言41 矿区概况及井田地质特征51.1
12、矿区概况51.1.1 矿区地理位置51.1.2 矿区地形、地貌及交通运输51.1.3 气候条件及地震情况61.1.4 电源、水源及建筑材料来源61.2 井田及其附近的地质特征61.2.1 井田地质构造61.2.2 井田水文地质特征81.3 煤层质量及煤层特征81.3.1 煤质及物理性质81.3.2 井田内煤层及埋藏条件91.3.3 煤层综合柱状图91.3.4 顶底板岩性91.3.5 瓦斯赋存状况及煤的自燃性和煤尘爆炸性101.3.6 地质勘探程度102 井田境界及储量112.1 井田境界112.1.1 井田的边界112.1.2 边界煤柱的留设112.2 井田的储量112.2.1 井田储量的计算
13、原则112.2.2 矿井工业储量112.2.3 矿井设计储量122.2.4矿井可采储量122.2.5 工业广场面积的确定133 矿井的年产量、服务年限及一般工作制度143.1 矿井的年产量及服务年限143.1.1 矿井的年产量合理性143.1.2 矿井的服务年限153.2 矿井的一般工作制度154 井田开拓164.1 井筒形式的确定164.2 确定井筒的位置及数目164.2.1 井筒数目164.2.2 井筒位置174.3 井筒参数及断面图174.4 开采水平的设计204.4.1 水平个数、高度的确定204.4.2 设计水平大巷布置21方案一：两层煤当中各布置一条回风巷23方案二：两层煤共用一条
14、回风大巷244.5 采区划分及开采顺序254.5.1采区形式及尺寸的确定254.5.2 开采顺序254.6 开采水平井底车场形式的选择264.6.1 井底车场形式264.6.2 车场主要硐室271 主井 2 运输大巷 3 井底煤仓274 给煤硐室 5 胶带机巷 6 机头硐室274.7 开拓系统综述294.7.1 开拓方式294.7.2 运输系统294.7.3 通风系统294.7.4 排水系统304.7.5 移交生产时井巷的开凿位置、井巷工程量305 采准巷道布置32L 工作面长度，m32L1日推进度，m32r 容重，1.4t/m332C 工作面的回采率，95%325.2 带区主要参数的确定33
15、5.3 带区车场及硐室335.4 采准系统、通风系统、运输系统345.5 带区内开采顺序355.6 带区巷道断面35V 工作面允许的最大风速，4m/s；40S 最小控顶距，3.9 m；40M 工作面采高，3 m；41B 滚筒截深，0.8 m；41N 一昼夜循环进刀数，8刀；416.3.2按采煤机能力校核416.3.3按刮板输送机能力校核41n1 每班平均运煤时间，4h；41q 运输机每小时能力，1000t/h；41B 滚筒截深，0.8m；41N 昼夜循环进刀数，8刀；41C 工作面回采率，取0.95；41P 煤层生产能力，3.99t/ m2；41L =441000/0.880.953.99426.4 采煤机械的选择及回采工艺方式的确定426.4.1 采煤机械的选择426.4.2 配套设备选型446.4.3 回采工艺方式的确定45a 尽可
