1、翻译部分英文原文The developing trend of fully mechanized mining and caving technology and the rational supportsAbstract:This paper summarized the outstanding achievements of Yankuang on the areas of long wall top coal caving technology (LTCC). Analysis and research have been done through site tests on the c
2、haracteristics of dynamic movement of supports at coal face, the caving breakage, power transmission regulations and the existing problems in four leg low level shield supports. The paper recommends a new type support, which can further improve the relationship between supports and wall rock, and al
3、so prospects the future development of LTCC technology.Keywords: LTCC;The relationship between the supports of LTCC and wall rock;The prospects of new typeLTCC is a mining method with high efficiency and productivity, which is most suitable for thick coal seams with appropriate conditions. It is wid
4、ely adopted due to its high productivity, high efficiency, low cost, safety and reliability. Its technical advantage has been transformed to cost advantage.Since Yankuang Group introduced the LTCC through audacious practice, its coal face output was raised from 1 Mt to 6.4 Mt and its mining efficien
5、cy has been increased by 7.2 times compared with slicing mining. Achievements of Yankuang took a lead to the overall progress of caving technology and equipment and made a great contribution to the development of the coal industry of China.However, through mining practices of many years, we found th
6、at there are still disadvantages in the four leg low level shield supports, which restricts at a certain extent the further development and improvement of LTCC technology. This paper explores the developing trend of LTCC technology, especially the development of rational supports.The general situati
7、on of the LTCC technology in Yanzhou GroupCovering Yanzhou Coal Field and Jining Coal Field, Yanzhou mining area includes six extraordinary large scaled modern minesNantun, Xinglong-zhuang, Baodian, Dongtan, Jier, Jisan and two mines of thin seams. The main seams are No.3 seam with average thickness
8、 of 8.5 m, Upper No.3 seam with average thickness of 5.25 m and Lower No.3 seam with average thickness of 4.1 m.The technical development of Yanzhou Mining area experienced two stages-conventional mining (before1979), mechanized mining (1979 1991) and entered into the stage of LTCC from 1992. The ou
9、tput from LTCC has been increasing rapidly and its characters and achievements are as follow.The output from LTCC increasing rapidlyIn 1992, there was only 0.53 coal face using LTCC technology in Xinglongzhuang Mine in Yanzhou Mining area with annual production of 530,300 t, which was 5.7% of the pr
10、oduction from mechanized mining of the company. By 2002, the coal face using LTCC was increased to 9.27 from 7 mines and the production reached 33.634 Mt, which accounted for 92.64% of the production from mechanized mining of the whole company. In 10 years, the production from LTCC has increased 62.
11、4 times. Please refer to the Figure 1.Figure 1 Indication of output in Yanzhou mining area from 1992 to 2002Unit production from LTCC increasing at a big marginThe rapid development of LTCC in Yazhou mining area enabled the unit production to increase at a big margin. In 2002, by using “Ninth-five”
12、domestic equipment, the highest unit production reached 541,000 t/m, 2.1 times of the highest production from mechanized mining. Please refer to the Figure 2.Figure 2 Output of per working face in Yankuang in different periods of equipmentsA group level of world LTCC teams with high efficiency and h
13、igh productivityThe development of LTCC has built a group of world class teams with high efficiency and high productivity represented by Xinglongzhuang Team and Dongtan Mine Team. In 1995, the LTCC team in Xinglongzhuang Mine reached the record-breaking production of over 3 Mt/a and became the first
14、 team with annual production of over 3 Mt in China. In 1998, the LTCC team of Dongtan Mine achieved annual production of 5 Mt and in 2002 yield a record of 6.07 Mt by using domestic mining equipment. Also, the LTCC team of Xinglongzhuang achieved 6.4 Mt by using “Tenth-five” auto-controlled hydrauli
15、c pressure valve equipment in 2002. In 2003 the production from three teams will break 6 Mt and reach the top level in the world. Table 1 shows the status of the teams and the equipments.Table 1 The condition and equipment of high performance coal facesParameters of coal face“Ninth-five”domestic equ
16、ipment in Dongtan Mine“Tenth-five” auto-controlled hydraulicpressure valve equipment in Xinglongzhuang MineThe length of coal face (m)220300Strike length of coal face (m)24002000Seam slope angle ()0 100 11Average seam thickness (m)5.87 10Seam hardness(f)2.22.3Drawing ratio1.11.87HydraulicsupportsZFS6200/18/35ZFS6800/18/35End supportZTF6500/19/32ZTF7000/19/32ShearerMGTY
