1、翻译部分英文原文 Localisation of Mobile Underground Mining Equipment Using Wireless EthernetJ. C. Ralston, C. O. Hargrave and D. W. HainswortCSIRO Mining ICT and AutomationExploration and Mining1 Technology Court,Pullenvale, Q4069 AustraliaAbstractThis review paper explores the use of IEEE 802.11b Wireless
2、Ethernet for the localisation of mobile equipment operating in an underground coal mining environment。Wireless communication networks have recently been introduced with some success in underground operations such as longwall mining to provide reliable high-speed communications for monitoring and con
3、trol. We investigate the feasibility of this wireless paradigm for providing a new machine localisation capability underground, as has been recently considered in other non-mining domains. We overview two popular location estimation techniques, namely nearest-neighbour and Monte-Carlo Localisation,
4、which use only the signal strength as received from several wireless access points to estimate location.Because the received signal strength is a highly variable parameter in underground environments, real data experiments are conducted using an in-house test facility to investigate signal propertie
5、s and to evaluate the potential of the concept for underground mining. Keywords-component： Underground mining; communications; IEEE 802.11b; wireless ethernet; signal strength; wifi localisation; monte-carlo localization.I. INTRODUCTIONThe CSIRO Mining ICT and Automation Group is involved in the dev
6、elopment and application of modern automation technology to mining equipment and processes.Automation technology has significant potential to meet the mining industrys ongoing needs to improve productivity and safety.This is achieved by research and development into new machines and mining processes
7、, creating predictive maintenance and hazard monitoring systems, adding intelligent sensing and processing systems to existing equipment, and by removing personnel from hazardous environments.Localisation of mobile equipment is of fundamental interest to underground coal mining operations, where the
8、 mining process itself is often creating (or destroying) the very environment in which the equipment and personnel operate.Figure 1 shows a typical underground coal mining scenario employing a longwall shearer, where it is vital to accurately know the location of the shearer at all times for optimal
9、 guidance and control.Although a variety of general methods exist for determining position (GPS, INS, odometry, active and passive beacons, radar, laser, vision, and sonar), most of these cannot be directly used in an underground coal mining context because of the need for specially designed low-pow
10、er, intrinsically-safe equipment that can be safely deployed into potentially explosive atmospheres.There are also important logistical issues encountered whenever attempting to introduce additional systems into an already complex underground mining operation, further limiting options for localisati
11、on.We consider investigating the use of wireless Ethernet-based communications (often referred to as Wifi) as a potential solution to this localisation scenario. Wifi networks have been recently installed with some success in an underground longwall coal mining operationin Australia 1.Inspired by re
12、cent research using Wifi for object localisation in non-coal mining domains 2, 3, we consider evaluating the feasibility of Wifi-based localisation technologies in the coal mining environment.The need for localisation extends beyond longwall shearers to other underground mining equipment such as con
13、tinuous miners and shuttle cars. Section II introduces the notion of wireless Ethernet for localisation based on the received signal strength. Section III describes the experimental configuration used for the Wifi evaluation. Section IV briefly introduces two popular techniques for Wifi-based locali
14、sation, namely a nearest-neighbour classifier and a Monte Carlo Localisation procedure. Section V raises salient aspects associated with the experimental data and the practical use of Wifi in the underground.II. WIFI-BASED LOCALISATIONA. Motivation for Wifi-Based LocalisationThere are several factor
15、s motivating the use of Wifi for locating mobile equipment underground. One obvious attraction is the opportunity to “value-add” by enhancing an existing communications component with a new localisation capability.Since Wifi infrastructure is often installed in areas where equipment is known to be m
16、obile, it provides an ideal context for providing simultaneous communications and localisation services. Wifi thus offers the potential for intelligently delivering context-dependent information, where data is offered selectively on the basis of location. Moreover the use of wireless Ethernet in the underground coal mining environment continues to grow and so the core infrastructure required for localisation is often
