1、外文文献：Introduction to Intelligent Building systems and its Impact2.1 IntroductionConstruction companies usually prefer the projects that can be easily delivered on time and budget to avoid expensive over runs, and property managers favours the premises that are trustworthy and easy to manage and main
2、tain. All the above needs can easily be fulfilled in todays economic recession by constructing an Intelligent building (BT Group PLC 2009).The Intelligent building (IB) is the future of our construction industry and all the new luxurious, domestic and commercial buildings are designed and constructe
3、d in todays built environment with a universal goal i.e., to become Intelligent Building (So, Wong and Wong 1999).From the past twenty years , there has been many IB definitions from China, Europe America, Japan, etc. sadly all these definitions were too indistinct for engineering design application
4、s and architecture, thus could not help in the growth of this branch of country industry. Hence, in the past decade, a new definition was developed at first for Asia. The beauty of this definition is that, in spite of its Asian origin it can be applied to different types of buildings all over the wo
5、rld. This definition was later on adapted by Asian.Institute of Intelligent buildings (AIIB) as an official definition and thus can be formulated as follows:“An IB is designed and constructed based on an appropriate selection of quality environment modules to meet the users requirements by mapping w
6、ith the appropriate building facilities to achieve long term building value” (AIIB cited in so and Wong 2002). In this chapter, we will discuss about the history of IB, state of art in IB i.e., - why the intelligent buildings are unique and sophisticated and impact of different intelligent building
7、systems.2.2 Historical OverviewThe early models of IB were not as complex as the present one. In fact, some of the earlier buildings earned the name Intelligent before 1980s, because they were slightly more than convectional buildings with more sustainable features (Deo 2004). Though the term IB ori
8、ginated in early 1980s, it became a reality only in the year 1983 with the inauguration of Hartford building in United States of America. This term IB was used at that time only for those kinds of buildings which incorporates complicated telecommunication facilities, building management and date net
9、working services. DEGW, a strategic consultancy which operates all over the world, in 1992 identifies 3 phases in development of IBs.1) Automated buildings (1983 1985)The IBs that were constructed during this period offered extremely complicated information and communication facilities or had built-
10、in facilities for their future installation and very low importance was given to regarding the reduction in operating and maintenance cost and comfort of end users.2) Responsive Buildings (1986 1991)During this period, the IBs were constructed in such a manner so that they can respond quickly to inh
11、abitants requirements at number of levels.3) Effective Buildings (1992 till now)The IBs that were constructed from 1992 till now are consider to be effective by many people as they provides receptive, efficient and helpful surroundings within which the organization can achieve its business objective
12、s (Cho and Fellows 2000).2.3 State of Art in Intelligent BuildingsA Building can be consider as Intelligent if it comprises of convectional building elements, cabling infrastructure or sensors and equipments necessary for dealing with this information to offer advanced services. In response to the n
13、ew demand from owner, the developers and consultants have started to build completely new type of pre-wired and automated buildings which may look same as convectional buildings from outside but from inside it contains sophisticated electronic systems, that is not only used to communicate the inform
14、ation from one part of the building to other part but also used to manage building environment and different services (Loffreda 1993). As per Dragon Prastalo, Mali kolektivs CEO, the IBs are said to be unique and sophisticated as they can be integrated with best available technologies in order to de
15、liver world class living and working environment for the people at considerable cost and energy saving (Cisco 2009). Another thing which makes IB exclusive is that the BIC ranking tool which has been developed by Caba in the year 2008. It can be not only used online by managers and designers but als
16、o by operators. The modular assessment will produce a report in the end that will not only provide standard ranking but also recommendations to the improvements in building systems (Caba n.d.).2.4 HVAC SystemHVAC system is deliberated as one of the most vital service in contemporary buildings. In equatorial countries and in the polar countries, the average ambient temperature will be around +40oC and -30oC and this will create uneasiness among t
