1、翻译部分英语原文Control and prevention of gas outbursts in coal mines,RiosaOlloniego coalfield, SpainMara B. Daz Aguado C. Gonzlez NiciezaAbstract Underground coal mines have always had to control the presence of different gases in the mining environment. Among these gases, methane is the most important one
2、, since it is inherent to coal. Despite of the technical developments in recent decades, methane hazards have not yet been fully avoided. This is partly due to the increasing depths of modern mines, where methane emissions are higher, and also to other mining-related circumstances, such as the incre
3、ase in production rates and its consequences: difficulties in controlling the increasing methane levels, increasing mechanization, the use of explosives and not paying close attention to methane control systems. The main purposes of this paper are to establish site measurements using some critical p
4、arameters that are not part of the standard mining-control methods for risk assessment and to analyze the gas behavior of subvertical coal seams in deep mines in order to prevent gas incidents from occurring. The ultimate goal is the improvement in mining conditions and therefore in safety condition
5、s. For this purpose, two different mines were instrumented for mine control and monitoring. Both mines belong to the RiosaOlloniego coalfield, in the Asturias Central Basin, Spain and the areas instrumented are mined via subhorizontal sublevels at an actual depth of around 1000 m under the overburde
6、n of Mount Lusorio. During this research, a property favoring gas outbursts was site measured for the first time in an outburst-prone coal (8th Coalbed), gas pressure and its variations, which contributed to complete the data available from previous characterizations and to set some guidelines for a
7、ssessing the potential outburst-prone areas. A gas-measurement-tube set has been designed for measuring gas pressure as well as its variation over time as a result of nearby workings and to calculate permeability. The paper establishes the effect of overlapping of works, but it also shows the effica
8、cy of two preventive measures to be applied: high pressure water infusion and the exploitation of a protective coal seam (7th Coalbed), that must be mined preferably two complete sublevels before commencing the advance in the outburst-prone coalbed. Both measures constitute an improvement in the min
9、ing sequence and therefore in safety, and should be completed with a systematic measurement to control the risk: gas pressure in the 8th Coalbed in the area of influence of other workings, to establish the most suitable moment to renew the advance. Further researches could focus on ascertaining the
10、permeability, not only in mined areas but also in areas of the mine that are still not affected by mining work and on tuning more finely the ranges of influence of overstress time and overlap distance of the workings of the 7th Coalbed in the 8th Coalbed. 1. Introduction Coalbed and coal mine methan
11、e research is thriving due to the fact that power generation from coal mine methane will continue to be a growing industry over the coming years in certain countries. For instance, China, where 790 Mm3 of CH4 were drained off in 1999 (Huang, 2000), has 30 Tm3 of estimated CBM potential in the develo
12、ped mining areas (Zhu, 2000). The estimate by Tyler et al. (1992) of the in-place gas in the United States is about 19 Tm3, while Germanys total estimated coalbed methane resources are 3 Tm3, very similar to Polish or English resources (World Coal Institute, 1998). This increase in the CBM commerce
13、has opened up new lines of research and has allowed the scientific community to increase its knowledge of some of the propertiesof coal and of methane gas, above all with respect to the properties that determine gas flow, which until now had not been sufficiently analyzed. Some of these parameters a
14、re the same ones that affect the occurrence of coal mining hazards, as methane has the potential to become a source of different fatal or non-fatal disastrous events. Since the famous mining catastrophe with over 1000 fatalities in Courrires, France, in March 1906, the list of dead and injured miner
15、s in modern mining has grown progressively, but growth in Western countries is at a decreasing rate. Fourteen miners died in the 8th Coalbed at San Nicols mine on 31 August 1995, the worst mining accident in recent years in Spain. Major concern was aroused in the region with respect to mining-relate
16、d safety problems. The fatal accident in the 8th Coalbed at San Nicolsmine has led to different research studies (such as the“Research project of the 8th Coalbed in the 863 area”, 2003, between the University of Oviedo and Hunosa;“Research of Prevention of Gas Outbursts”, 2003, by the Department of Safety of Hunosa; “Research of the 8th Coalbed in San Nicols and Montsacro”, 2004, between the University of Oviedo and the Regional
