1、 电渣重熔模具钢冶炼工艺研究摘要：把一般冶炼方法(如平炉、转炉、电弧炉或感应炉等)炼得的金属当作电极(该电极可以是铸造的、锻造的或钢的切头切尾焊成的)，通过熔渣电阻热进行二次重熔，电极熔入渣池、在渣池底金属液结晶形成铸锭，即为电渣重熔钢。电渣重熔钢一般没有缩孔、疏松、夹杂物聚集宏观偏析等缺陷，具有很高的组织致密性，成分均匀性和表面光洁。由于重熔设备简单、投资少、见效快，故广泛用于冶炼滚珠轴承钢、不锈钢、耐热钢、高强度结构钢、高速切削钢、热强钢等特殊钢种。电渣熔铸工艺从根本上解决了一般铸造工艺的主要矛盾，它综合了电渣重溶-获得高冶金质量的金属和铸造-浇铸异型零件精化毛坯的长处，并具有与普通冶炼的
2、变形金属相近的致密组织以及无各向异性的特点。与普通锻件相比，电渣熔铸件的各项性能指标完全达到同钢种的变型金属指标，甚至还避免了锻件的一些不足之处。电渣重熔设备简单，投资较少，生产费用较低。电渣重熔的缺点是电耗较高，目前通用的渣料含CaF较多，在重熔过程中，污染环境，必须设除尘和去氟装置。模具钢是用来制造冷冲模、热锻模压铸模等模具的钢种。模具是机械制造、无线电仪表、电机、电器等工业部门中制造零件的主要加工工具。模具的质量直接影响着压力加工工艺的质量、产品的精度产量和生产成本、而模具的质量与使用寿命除了靠合理的结构设计和加工精度外，主要受模具材料和热处理的影响。冷作模具包括冷冲模、拉丝模、拉延模、
3、压印模、搓丝模、滚丝板、冷镦模和冷挤压模等。冷作模具有钢，按其所制造具的工作条件，应具有高的硬度、强度、耐磨性、足够的韧性，以及高的淬透性、淬硬性和其他工艺性能。用于这类用途的合金工具用钢一般属于高碳合金钢，碳质量分数在0.80%以上，铬是这类钢的重要合金元素，其质量分数通常不大于5%。但对于一些耐磨性要求很高，淬火后变形很小模具用钢，最高铬质量分数可达13%，并且为了形成大量碳化物，钢中碳质量分数也很高，最高可达2.0%2.3%。冷作模具钢的碳含量较高，其组织大部分属于过共析钢或莱氏体钢。常用的钢类有高碳低合金钢、高碳高铬钢、铬钼钢、中碳铬钨钏钢等。关键词：电渣重熔、冶炼、模具钢第 页 共
4、页 Study of steel smelting technology of electroslag remelting dieAbstract:The general method of smelting (such as open hearth furnace, converter,electric arc furnace or induction furnace smelting of metal electrode) as (the electrode can be cut head casting, forging or steel cutting tail welded), fo
5、r the two time by slag remelting electrode resistance heat, melt into the slag pool inthe bottom of the pool, slag metal liquid crystal formation of ingot, the ESR steel. Electroslag remelting steel general no shrinkage, porosity, inclusionsmacrosegregation defects, has the very high tissue density,
6、 composition uniformity and surface finish. Due to the remelting of simple equipment, less investment, quick effect, it is widely used for smelting bearing steel, stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, high strength steel, high speed cutting steel, heat resistant steel and other special steel. Elect
7、roslag casting processfundamentally solve the main contradiction of general casting process, it combines the electro slag remelting - metal and casting high metallurgical quality of refined casting special-shaped parts blank strengths, and has adense tissue deformation of metal and ordinary smelting
8、 similar and noanisotropic. Compared with the ordinary forging, variant metal indexperformance of Electroslag Remelting Casting can reach the same steel grade, even to avoid some shortcomings of forgings. Electro slag remelting of simple equipment, less investment, lower production cost. Electroslag
9、 remelting is has higher power consumption, the slag containing CaF is moregeneral, environmental pollution in the remelting process, must be set up, dust removal and defluoridation device. Die steel was used for the manufacture of stamping die, die casting, hot forging die. Mould is the main tool o
10、f manufacturing machinery manufacturing,motor, electrical appliances, radio instrument industry in. Mold quality directly affects the processing quality, the precision of product yield and production cost, and the quality 第 页 共 页and service life of die except by reasonable structure design and machi
11、ning precision, is mainly affected by mould material and heat treatment. Cold working die includes a die, drawing die, drawing die, stampingdie, thread rolling dies, thread rolling plate, Leng Dunmo and cold extrusiondie. Cold working die steel, according to their manufacturing with working conditio
12、ns, should have high hardness, strength, wear resistance, enough toughness, and high hardenability, hardenability and other process performance. For the purposu of alloy tool steel is usually belong to the highcarbon alloy steel, carbon content was above 0.80%, chromium is an importantalloying eleme
13、nt of this kind of steel, the mass fraction is usually not more than5%. But for some wear resistance requirement is very high, quenching afterdeformation is small die steel, high chromium content up to 13%, and in order to form a large number of carbide, carbon content in steel is also very high, up
14、 to 2.0%2.3%. Cold working die steel with high carbon content, theorganization mostly hypereutectoid steel or ledeburite steel. Steel used in highcarbon low alloy steel, high carbon chromium steel, chrome molybdenum steel,medium carbon chromium tungsten Bracelet steel etc.Keyword：Electroslag remelting, smelting, die steel第 页 共 页 目录1 绪论 11.1概述 11.2选题背景、研究的目的和意义 11.3本课题研究主要内容 42 文献综述52.1电渣重熔冶炼的定义 52.1.1电渣重熔冶炼 52.1.2电渣重熔的界定 62.2电渣重熔的制备方法 72.2.1电渣重熔法 72.2.2.电渣重熔模具钢冶炼 92.2.3其他熔炼方法 103.1普通钢冶炼的特点123.1.1炼钢原理 123.1.2炼钢反应143.1.3炼钢基本任务
