1、毕 业 设 计（论 文）外 文 参 考 资 料 及 译 文译文题目： Modern Packaging 现代包装 学生姓名： 学 号： 专 业： 所在学院： 指导教师： 职 称： 20xx年 2月 27日说明：要求学生结合毕业设计（论文）课题参阅一篇以上的外文资料，并翻译至少一万印刷符（或译出3千汉字）以上的译文。译文原则上要求打印（如手写，一律用400字方格稿纸书写），连同学校提供的统一封面及英文原文装订，于毕业设计（论文）工作开始后2周内完成，作为成绩考核的一部分。Modern packaging1. Changing Needs and New RolesLooking back, hi
2、storical changes are understandable and obvious. That all of them have had an impact on the way products are bought, consumed and packaged is also obvious. What is not so obvious is what tomorrow will bring. Yet, it is to the needs, markets, and conditions of tomorrow that packaging professionals mu
3、st always turn their attention.The forces that drove packaging during the Industry Revolution continue to operate today. The consumer society continues to grow and is possibly best described by a1980s bumper sticker, “born to shop”. We consume goods today at rate 4 to 5 times greater than we did as
4、recently as 1935. Most of these goods are not essential to survival; they constitute what we may call “the good life”.In the second half of the 20th century, the proliferation of goods was so high that packaging was forced into an entirely new role, that of providing the major purchase motivation ra
5、ther than presenting the goods itself. On a shelf of 10 competing products, all of them similar in performance and quality, the only method of differentiating became the package itself. Marketers aimed at lifestyles, emotional values, subliminal images, features, and advantages beyond the basic prod
6、uct itselfanything that would make a shoppers hand reach for their product rather than the competitors. In some instances, the package has become the product, and occasionally packaging has become entertainment.Globally, the trend toward urbanization continues. Providing increased tonnages of high-q
7、uality food to massive city complexes at affordable prices is a problem that continues to challenge packagers. A new concern is the removal of the debris generated by a consumer society and the impact that these consumption rates have on the planers ecology.The makeup, needs, styles, perceptions and
8、 wishes of the consuming public are always changing. The packaging professional must be aware of and keep up with these changes or be lost to history.2. Packaging and the modern Industrial SocietyThe importance of packaging to a modern industrial society is most evident when we examine the food-pack
9、aging sector. Food is organic in nature, having an animal or plant source. One characteristic of such organic matter is that, by and large, it has a limited natural biological life. A cut of meat, left to itself, might be unfit for human consumption by the next day. Some animal protein products, suc
10、h as seafood, can deteriorate within hours.The natural shelf life of plant-based food depends on the species and plant part involved. Pulpy fruit portions tend to have a short life span, while seed parts, which in nature have to survive at least till the next growing season, have a longer life. Stal
11、ks and leaves separated from the living plant are usually short-lived.In addition to having a limited natural shelf life, most food is geographically and seasonally specific. Thus, potatoes and apples are grown in a few North American geographical regions and harvested during a short maturation peri
12、od. In a world without packaging, we would need to live at the point of harvest to enjoy these products, and our enjoyment of them would be restricted to the natural biological life span of each.It is by proper storage, packaging and transport techniques that we are able to deliver fresh potatoes an
13、d apples, or the products derived from then, throughout the year and throughout the country. Potato-whole, canned, powdered, flaked, chipped, frozen, and instantis available, anytime, anywhere. This ability gives a society great freedom and mobility. Unlike less-developed societies, we are no longer
14、 restricted in our choice of where to live, since we are no longer tied to the food-producing ability of an area. Food production becomes more specialized and efficient with the growth of packaging. Crops and animal husbandry are moved to where their production is most economical, without regard to
15、the proximity of a market. Most important, we are free of the natural cycles of feast and famine that are typical of societies dependent on natural regional food-producing cycles.Central processing allows value recovery from what would normally be wasted. By-products of the processed-food industry form the basis of other sub-industries. Chicken feathers are high in protein and, properly milled and treated, can be fed back to the next generation of chicken
